Key Process Parameters

Mold Rotational Speed

Mold rotational speed is a crucial parameter influencing the quality of the casting in the centrifugal casting process. This speed determines the uniform distribution of the metal within the mold, directly affecting the density and homogeneity of the casting’s structure. Optimal rotational speed ensures that the centrifugal force is sufficient to evenly spread the metal along the mold walls, eliminating air bubbles and preventing inclusions.

  • Too low rotational speed: May result in inadequate metal distribution, leading to the formation of pores, inclusions, and structural inconsistencies. These defects can weaken the mechanical properties of the casting and reduce its strength.
  • Too high rotational speed: Can cause excessive stretching of the metal, leading to the formation of microcracks and increased internal stresses. In extreme cases, excessively high speed may also deform the mold, further compromising the quality of the casting.

Metal Temperature

The temperature of the metal is another critical parameter that must be precisely controlled in the centrifugal casting process. The correct temperature depends on the type of alloy and the geometry of the mold, and it is essential to ensure proper mold filling and solidification of the metal.

  • Too low metal temperature: Can result in incomplete mold filling, causing voids and defects in the casting. Insufficiently heated metal may also increase viscosity, hindering its flow and proper distribution within the mold.
  • Too high metal temperature: Can lead to excessive oxidation of the metal, resulting in dross formation and weakening the casting’s structure. Additionally, too high a temperature can cause excessive reactions between the metal and the mold material, further affecting the quality of the final product.

Cooling Time

The cooling time of the casting is a key factor influencing the microstructure and mechanical properties of the final product. The cooling process must be controlled to achieve the optimal properties of the casting.

  • Slow cooling: Promotes the formation of larger metal grains, which can reduce the casting’s strength and increase its brittleness. Larger grains are less resistant to stresses and can lead to decreased crack resistance.
  • Rapid cooling: Results in the formation of smaller grains, enhancing the casting’s strength, hardness, and wear resistance. However, rapid cooling can also induce internal stresses, which may require additional heat treatment to minimize the risk of cracking.

Controlling these parameters is essential for ensuring high-quality castings. Proper regulation of mold rotational speed, metal temperature, and cooling time allows for achieving optimal mechanical and structural properties, translating into the durability and strength of the final products.


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